Notes on technology, markets, intelligence, and building.https://johnnyclee.com/en-ushttps://johnnyclee.com/i/4-years-of-ai/https://johnnyclee.com/i/4-years-of-ai/"Welcome To Costco, I Love You". Idiocracy (2006) It has been almost four years since ChatGPT was released to the public in November 2022.Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/dynamism-as-a-supercomputing-race-UxscdlvqRjn/https://johnnyclee.com/i/dynamism-as-a-supercomputing-race-UxscdlvqRjn/Johnny Lee’s essay “Dynamism as a supercomputing race.”Fri, 17 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/trust-why-companies-by-software--zJnkqZTE9z/https://johnnyclee.com/i/trust-why-companies-by-software--zJnkqZTE9z/Johnny Lee’s essay “Trust: why companies by software,” originally published on myriadperspectives.com.Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/something-small-is-happening-Pn3tHnIIkGu/https://johnnyclee.com/i/something-small-is-happening-Pn3tHnIIkGu/Johnny Lee’s essay “Something Small is Happening,” originally published on myriadperspectives.com.Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/how-to-even-keep-up-with-explosive-ai-progress-WaulowYqAlN/https://johnnyclee.com/i/how-to-even-keep-up-with-explosive-ai-progress-WaulowYqAlN/Johnny Lee’s essay “How to even keep up with explosive AI progress?,” originally published on myriadperspectives.com.Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/how-ai-is-changing-the-way-students-learn-02Sx4lS0NZI/https://johnnyclee.com/i/how-ai-is-changing-the-way-students-learn-02Sx4lS0NZI/Johnny Lee’s essay “How AI Is Changing the Way Students Learn,” originally published on business.columbia.edu.Tue, 25 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/openais-road-to-become-a-hyperscaler-tSkynN1uDst/https://johnnyclee.com/i/openais-road-to-become-a-hyperscaler-tSkynN1uDst/Johnny Lee’s essay “OpenAI's road to become a hyperscaler,” originally published on myriadperspectives.com.Mon, 20 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/power-and-fab-capacity-last-jigsaw-pieces-in-the-da-ZkxnZI-YDhQ/https://johnnyclee.com/i/power-and-fab-capacity-last-jigsaw-pieces-in-the-da-ZkxnZI-YDhQ/Johnny Lee’s essay “Power & Fab Capacity: Last Jigsaw Pieces in the Dash for Compute,” originally published on myriadperspectives.com.Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/cut-throat-ai-competition-captive-resources-goog-OZUSCJm5t0o/https://johnnyclee.com/i/cut-throat-ai-competition-captive-resources-goog-OZUSCJm5t0o/Johnny Lee’s essay “Cut-throat AI competition, captive resources, Google's AI moat,” originally published on myriadperspectives.com.Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/ai-usage-surging-across-america-6nnVUcKl_eY/https://johnnyclee.com/i/ai-usage-surging-across-america-6nnVUcKl_eY/Johnny Lee’s essay “A.I. usage surging across America,” originally published on myriadperspectives.com.Wed, 25 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/crossroads-ahead-us-market-confidence-belies-hist-HEUS38C3jjv/https://johnnyclee.com/i/crossroads-ahead-us-market-confidence-belies-hist-HEUS38C3jjv/One month after Liberation Day, the US stock market looks more or less re-assured about the future economic outlook.Fri, 02 May 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/optimizely-for-intelligence-MEQjg0RYpnX/https://johnnyclee.com/i/optimizely-for-intelligence-MEQjg0RYpnX/The Road Towards Intelligence The AI community continues to drive model improvements by pulling 2 key levers: Compute Algorithmic Improvements : Innovations…Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/gpt45-good-or-not-its-launch-is-good-for-the-ll-wLce3ACG414/https://johnnyclee.com/i/gpt45-good-or-not-its-launch-is-good-for-the-ll-wLce3ACG414/GPT-4.5 launched as a preview last Thursday. GPT-4.5 topped benchmarks like LMArena, only to be matched by Grok-3 shortly after.Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/are-frontier-labs-making-80percent-gross-margins-on-llm-tTD9fwOZmuc/https://johnnyclee.com/i/are-frontier-labs-making-80percent-gross-margins-on-llm-tTD9fwOZmuc/Rare insights into gross margin profile for a LLM model provider Recently, as part of their open source week, DeekSeek disclosed their online inference system…Mon, 03 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/deepseek-compounding-progress-delayed-market-rea-q6bGDu4MqPr/https://johnnyclee.com/i/deepseek-compounding-progress-delayed-market-rea-q6bGDu4MqPr/It may surprise some people, but many of the improvements that DeepSeek (High Flyer’s AI lab) incorporated into DeepSeek V3 were released on May 7, 2024 as…Tue, 28 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/embracing-the-new-era-of-computing-communication-EFlLO18J4MF/https://johnnyclee.com/i/embracing-the-new-era-of-computing-communication-EFlLO18J4MF/We're still in punchcard era of LLMs, designing prompts, copy pasting context around, hitting go, reading the thing, prompting occasionally. Pretty lame.Thu, 23 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/at-the-top-of-the-learning-curve-for-generative-ai-U1V0UNVs61a/https://johnnyclee.com/i/at-the-top-of-the-learning-curve-for-generative-ai-U1V0UNVs61a/The mass adoption of generative AI models has yet to arrive. Its growth will be driven by fundamental factors as the technology starts its journey down the…Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/renting-clothes-in-japan-speak-now-and-jobs-M5zdcAOltcG/https://johnnyclee.com/i/renting-clothes-in-japan-speak-now-and-jobs-M5zdcAOltcG/Recent fun news Save on baggage, rent clothes when visiting Japan, says Japan Airlines (JAL) .Sun, 09 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/bidenomics-ai-money-problems-for-bankers-jMprKyVAifH/https://johnnyclee.com/i/bidenomics-ai-money-problems-for-bankers-jMprKyVAifH/Recent fun news This week, the White House unveiled a new push for “ Bidenomics” (press memo).Sun, 02 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/taylor-swift-boon-for-hotels-masayoshi-son-is-bac-K_tkflEDv57/https://johnnyclee.com/i/taylor-swift-boon-for-hotels-masayoshi-son-is-bac-K_tkflEDv57/Recent fun news Taylor Swift tours are very good for hotels, termed the “TSwift Lift” .Sun, 25 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/full-faith-and-credit-of-the-united-states-QFVlOIRffdo/https://johnnyclee.com/i/full-faith-and-credit-of-the-united-states-QFVlOIRffdo/The strange world of a potential default on U.S. Treasuries Risk-free rate In 1964, William F.Fri, 26 May 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/responsible-ai-adoption-at-the-worlds-most-system-Ubx0xYoOW8I/https://johnnyclee.com/i/responsible-ai-adoption-at-the-worlds-most-system-Ubx0xYoOW8I/1 Background Since the debut of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in November 2022, much of the world has been enamored with the astonishing and—sometimes—frightening…Sun, 07 May 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/business-e-mail-compromise-bec-super-charged-by-9RzCp6bAjrO/https://johnnyclee.com/i/business-e-mail-compromise-bec-super-charged-by-9RzCp6bAjrO/1. Background Generative AI is the buzzword for a category of machine learning technology made popular by OpenAI’s ChatGPT[1].Fri, 10 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/despite-swedish-housing-rout-real-estate-website-4TKVt05rPIc/https://johnnyclee.com/i/despite-swedish-housing-rout-real-estate-website-4TKVt05rPIc/Hemnet—translated as “the home”—is an online residential property portal in Sweden, bringing together sellers, buyers, agents, and developers on a single…Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/us-and-european-companies-lean-on-microsoft-proof-Il8rea5-fCS/https://johnnyclee.com/i/us-and-european-companies-lean-on-microsoft-proof-Il8rea5-fCS/The majority of large public companies in the US and Europe relies on Microsoft and Proofpoint to service their incoming e-mails, according to recent…Wed, 21 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/bjs-wholesale-club-favored-new-gas-stations-in-20-NZaJF03xL9O/https://johnnyclee.com/i/bjs-wholesale-club-favored-new-gas-stations-in-20-NZaJF03xL9O/In 2020, BJ’s Wholesale announced a long-term capital strategy to re-invest in unit store growth, moving from zero net openings to 3-4% annual unit growth.Wed, 07 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/email-me-when-elon-musk-reactivates-donald-trumps-yzdrsQE8APv/https://johnnyclee.com/i/email-me-when-elon-musk-reactivates-donald-trumps-yzdrsQE8APv/On October 27, 2022, Elon Musk finally became the new owner of Twitter. It was a long six months since he sent Bret Taylor a letter with an ultimatum offer of…Sun, 20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/hemnet-group-ab-long-investment-thesis-vQRR0HTywJO/https://johnnyclee.com/i/hemnet-group-ab-long-investment-thesis-vQRR0HTywJO/Link to memo PDF Recommendation Long HEM with a 3-yr price target of 212kr, representing 51% upside and 15% IRR.Thu, 10 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMThttps://johnnyclee.com/i/are-ellis-act-withdrawals-speculative-in-san-franc-l4QzCukTTHe/https://johnnyclee.com/i/are-ellis-act-withdrawals-speculative-in-san-franc-l4QzCukTTHe/Excepts from my undergraduate research paper on San Francisco residential real estate and evictions in 2016.Thu, 17 Mar 2016 00:00:00 GMT